A Classroom Tariff-Setting Game

The author outlines a classroom tariff-setting game that allows students to explore the consequences of import tariffs imposed by large countries (countries able to influence world prices). Groups of students represent countries, which are organized into trading pairs. Each group's objective is to maximize welfare by choosing an appropriate ad valorem tariff that may be changed intermittently throughout the game. The game is built on a computable general-equilibrium model, which allows each nation's utility and terms of trade under alternative tariff regimes to be expressed quantitatively. The exercise encourages students to consider terms-of-trade improvements and efficiency losses resulting from large-country tariffs and provides a framework to discuss the Nash equilibrium of a tariff war. The game is a useful supplement to traditional teaching methods.     

中国民族工业保护的早期经验及启示

对民族工业的适度保护可以促进民族工业的发展与壮大。本文认为,近代中国对民族工业的保护措施及其效果为:专利制度对部分企业的有限保护、关税对民族企业的微弱保护、国货运动对民族企业的有力保护。中国早期对民族工业的保护经验,对于正处在全球化之中的当代中国企业有着重要借鉴意义。     

A Comparative Static Analysis of European Union Tariff and Support Policies for Canned Pears

Abstract

A nonlinear, partial equilibrium, Armington model of the European Union canned pear market was built and simulated for reductions in specific EU policies and for reductions in selected combinations of these policies relevant to canned pears: import tariffs, factor subsidies, and an output subsidy. Effects of these policy reductions on the following EU canned pear market variables were comparatively analyzed: own-product consumption, imports, exports, and price. Comparative analyses of these policy-specific effects were conducted from two viewpoints: the absolute magnitudes of completely eliminating, and the marginal effects of incrementally reducing, the EU policies and policy combinations. Among other findings, results suggest that EU tariff reduction enhances EU imports more than EU subsidy reduction, and that EU subsidy reduction increases EU prices more effectively than reducing EU tariffs.     

清代榷关税收制度述论——以赣关考察为中心

清政府为保证赣关关税的征收,力图从制度约束和考核检查等方面予以加强,以确保国家对榷关的切实控制和榷关功能的正常执行.这些税收制度维持了赣关的运转,也取得了一定的效果.通过对清代赣关税收制度的个案考察,可以得到两个较为宏观的结论:一是推行"恤商"政策、保护商品流通是清政府的基本立场,二是正是像赣关这样的分布在全国各地的榷关,对于清代专制主义中央集权统治的地方控制,具有重要意义.     

Non‐Reciprocal Trade Preferences and the Role of Compliance Costs in the Agricultural Sector: Exports to the EU

We investigate whether non‐reciprocal preferential regimes granted by the European Union have an impact on agricultural export flows from beneficiary countries while accounting for the costs of compliance that may prevent exporters from taking full advantage of potential benefits. Compliance costs are heterogeneous and difficult to measure. We proxy their influence and specify a model that allows for a different preferential margin impact according to the proxy costs. Adopting the gravity framework and using a sample of 554 lines of agricultural products for 131 developing countries in 2002, we find that the costs of compliance play a role in making the schemes work: the lower the costs, the greater the impact of the preferential margins. Moreover, the estimated margin effect differs between different regimes.     

关于《功率因数调整电费办法》的修订建议

介绍了现行的<功率因数调整电费办法>,指出其中部分规定不够完善和细致,对采用动态无功补偿装置缺少相关的规定等,客观上形成对用电企业在功率因数达标后继续增加电容器进行无功补偿的鼓励力度不足,提出了供用双方共赢的修订思路.     

某省火电机组理论上网标杆电价分析

2004年国家发改委在经营期电价政策基础上推出了标杆电价政策。2007--2008年,我国煤价不断上涨。为了解发电企业的经营状况,为价格管理部门合理核定新投产火电机组标杆上网电价提供参考,开展了某省火电机组理论上网标杆电价分析工作。在收集整理分析发电企业大量经营参数的基础上,得到经营期算法模型所需的计算参数,并对经营期算法参数进行了敏感性分析。     

OWGA算子在乡村干部业绩优劣评价排序中的应用

有序加权几何平均（OWGA）算子是一种能有效地集结数据信息的方法。在多人决策中有时需要不同专家对决策方案进行两两比较给出互反判断矩阵的偏好信息,为了反映群体的共同偏好,可以利用OWGA算子对互反判断矩阵进行集结处理得到组合判断矩阵。文章利用这一算子建立村民评委对村干部年终业绩优劣评价排序的数学模型,最后进行了实例分析。     

基于响应时间的供应链协调策略研究

在市场需求价格和响应时间敏感下,本文以一个供应商和一个制造商构成的两级MTO供应链为背景,通过建立供应链收益函数模型,分析响应时间对供应链企业决策的影响。给出了供应商和制造商在分散决策下的最优响应策略,得出了供应链双方在分散决策下无法实现供应链完美协调的结论。而后,对供应链协调问题进行了探讨,发现两部收费制契约在满足一定条件下能够实现供应链完美协调,并通过数值实例对上面的结论进行了释义和说明。     

地区知识产权形象形成机理研究——基于三螺旋模型理论视角

地区知识产权形象作为一个地区知识产权事业发展的立体缩影、综合评价和总体印象,涉及地区政治经济、科学技术和社会文化生活的方方面面,它通过地区各类主体与知识产权有关的种种行为来塑造,来影射。其中,地区政府、地区主导企业和地区社会公众,在地区知识产权的创造、保护、管理和运用的过程中,建立起一种相互联系、相互影响、相互作用的多重互反关系。这种多要素、非线性、动态博弈关系三螺旋关联作用模式,宜以三螺旋模型理论进行分析：当三者之间两两良性互动,三方交互重叠,构筑起积极、健康的地区知识产权形象;反之,任何一方的行为错位与缺失,并交互传导,引致连锁反应,久而久之,会形成一种消极、负面的地区知识产权形象。加强地区知识产权形象形成机理研究,既有利于我们积极建设、正确评价某一地区的知识产权形象,也有利于我们及时修正负面消极的地区知识产权形象。